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ObjectiveTo understand the current situation and hot spots of research on the treatment of constipation by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in China and foreign countries， and provide references and directions for future research. MethodIn this study， the data analysis software CiteSpace 5.8.R3C was used to conduct bibliometrics analysis of the relevant papers on the treatment of constipation by TCM from January 1， 2000 to December 31， 2021 in China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and Web of Science core database. The visual display was carried out. ResultAfter retrieval， 2 133 papers were included in CNKI database and 224 papers were included in Web of Science core database. The statistical analysis showed that the overall annual publication volume in China and foreign countries was on the rise， but the publication volume in China had been declining for the past two consecutive years. The author co-occurrence analysis showed that the authors with the largest number of publications in China and foreign countries were LIU Chunqiang and CHUNGWAH CHENG， respectively. The institution co-occurrence analysis showed that the institutions with the largest number of publications in China and foreign countries were the Anorectal Department of Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine， respectively. The keyword analysis showed that research in this field in China and foreign countries mainly focused on TCM therapy， clinical research， etiology and pathogenesis， etc. ConclusionThe research on the treatment of constipation by TCM is mainly concentrated in China， but there is no closely-related scientific research team. The research in this field in China and foreign countries is still developing. With the continuous deepening of research， all research institutions should pay attention to interdisciplinary intersection， highlight technological innovation， and strive to achieve greater breakthroughs in this field.
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Objective:Three-dimensional simulation modeling technology was used to conduct three-dimensional reconstruction, classification and measurement for the anatomic structures of colorectal canal, tumor and key blood vessels in patients with rectal cancer before operation. And the accuracy of the data and information obtained for the prediction of anastomotic tension, important types of vascular variant, positioning of anatomical landmarks, etc. in laparoscopic-assisted radical resection of rectal cancer, and the guiding effect of operation was evaluated.Methods:The clinical data of 50 patients with laparoscopic-assisted radical resection of rectal cancer treated in the General Surgery Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University from January 2019 to February 2021 were analyzed retrospectively, including 31 males and 19 females, aged from 42 to 83 years old, with an average age of (62.72 ±15.21) years. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether the patients underwent three-dimensional simulation reconstruction before operation. The patients who underwent abdomen pelvic enhancement CT and further three-dimensional reconstruction before surgery were taken as reconstruction group ( n=24), and the patients who were only routinely performed abdomen pelvic enhancement CT before operation were taken as control group ( n=26). For the patients in the reconstruction group, the CT images were modeled by Mimics software before operation, and the key data such as the length of colorectal and tumor, the correlation length of rigid structure of pelvic wall, the length of inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) from the bifurcation point of left and right arteria iliaca communis, the type and proportion of IMA variation, the length of left colonic artery (LCA) from the beginning of IMA and the distance between LCA and IMV were measured, and the consistency correlation coefficient (CCC) was analyzed with the actual data obtained during operation. And then the accuracy of three-dimensional simulation modeling technology for surgical guidance was evaluated. MedCalc 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results:In the reconstruction group, regarding the data of each dimension of the model (intestinal tract, pelvic cavity, blood vessels) and the corresponding structural measurements during the operation, the consistent correlation coefficient (CCC) evaluation was more than 0.9. One case was predicted to have free splenic flexure of colon and one case actually had free splenic flexure of colon. The prediction accuracy was 100%. The IMA variants in the reconstruction group were divided into 4 types, all of which were verified by operation. Compared with the control group, the operation time ( P=0.011) and the location time (IMA, P=0.043; LCA, P=0.007; IMV, P=0.034) of each vessel in the reconstruction group were shorter, and the amount of intraoperative blood loss was less ( P=0.017). Conclusion:The application of three-dimensional simulation modeling technology before operation is helpful for the operator to accurately predict the intraoperative anastomotic tension, the type of IMA variation and the related diameter length, based on which the accurate operation plan can be made to guide the operation.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the short-term effectiveness of transverse antecubital incision in the treatment of failed closed reduction of Gartland type Ⅲ supracondylar humeral fractures (SHFs) in children.@*METHODS@#Between July 2020 and April 2022, 20 children with Gartland type Ⅲ SHFs who failed in closed reduction were treated with internal and external condylar crossing Kirschner wire fixation through transverse antecubital incision. There were 9 boys and 11 girls with an average age of 3.1 years (range, 1.1-6.0 years). The causes of injuries were fall in 12 cases and fall from height in 8 cases. The time from admission to operation ranged from 7 to 18 hours, with an average of 12.4 hours. The healing of the incision and the occurrence of complications such as nerve injury and cubitus varus were observed after operation; the elbow flexion and extension range of motion after removing the gypsum, after removing the Kirschner wire, and at last follow-up were recorded and compared, as well as the elbow flexion and extension and forearm rotation range of motion at last follow-up between healthy and affected sides; the Baumann angle was measured on the X-ray film, and the fracture healing was observed. At last follow-up, the effectiveness was evaluated according to the Flynn elbow function evaluation criteria.@*RESULTS@#All incisions healed by first intention, and there was no skin necrosis, scar contracture, ulnar nerve injury, and cubitus varus. Postoperative pain occurred in the radial-dorsal thumb in 2 cases. The gypsum was removed and elbow flexion and extension exercises were started at 2-4 weeks (mean, 2.7 weeks) after operation, and the Kirschner wire was removed at 4-5 weeks (mean, 4.3 weeks). All the 20 patients were followed up 6-16 months, with an average of 12.4 months. The fracture healing time was 4-5 weeks, with an average of 4.5 weeks, and there was no complication such as delayed healing and myositis ossificans. The flexion and extension range of motion of the elbow joint gradually improved after operation, and there were significant differences between the time after removing the gypsum, after removing the Kirschner wire, and at last follow-up ( P<0.017). There was no significant difference in the flexion and extension of the elbow joint and the forearm rotation range of motion between the healthy and affected sides at last follow-up ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in Baumann angle between the time of immediate after operation, after removing the Kirschner wire, and at last follow-up ( P>0.05). According to Flynn elbow function evaluation standard, 16 cases were excellent and 4 cases were good, the excellent and good rate was 100%.@*CONCLUSION@#The treatment of Gartland type Ⅲ SHFs in children with failed closed reduction by internal and external condylar crossing Kirschner wire fixation through transverse antecubital incision has the advantages of complete soft tissue hinge behind the fracture for easy reduction and wire fixation, small incision, less complications, fast fracture healing, early functional recovery, reliable reduction and fixation, and can obtain satisfactory results.
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Male , Female , Humans , Child , Child, Preschool , Calcium Sulfate , Humerus , Humeral Fractures/surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods , Bone Wires , Fracture Healing , Treatment Outcome , Range of Motion, ArticularABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the willingness of rehabilitation patients within an urban medical group to accept downward referrals and analyze the influencing factors. MethodsFrom June to October, 2023, a survey was conducted using a simple random sampling method among neurological and orthopedic rehabilitation patients in hospitals within a specific urban medical group. The 2013 version of the Andersen Model was employed to construct a theoretical framework for the willingness of rehabilitation patients to accept downward referrals and influencing factors. Within this framework, a questionnaire was designed using a 5-point Likert scale, comprising three sections including personal characteristics, environmental features and healthcare service utilization choices, totaling 23 questions. A preliminary survey was conducted, and the questionnaire had underwent reliability and validity testing. ResultsA total of 350 questionnaires were collected, with 314 valid questionnaires. The willingness of rehabilitation patients to accept downward referrals was found to be associated with age, rehabilitation specialties, rehabilitation phases, previous experiences with downward referrals, awareness of and perceptions regarding bidirectional referral policies, and understanding and opinions about the urban medical group (χ2 > 7.755, P < 0.05). The primary influencing factors were rehabilitation specialties, rehabilitation phases, previous experiences with downward referrals and perceptions of the necessity of bidirectional referral policies (P < 0.05). ConclusionRehabilitation specialties, rehabilitation phases, previous experiences with downward referrals and perceptions of the necessity of bidirectional referral policies are the primary factors that influenced the willingness of rehabilitation patients to accept downward referrals. We should formulate targeted and focused improvement measures based on the specific circumstances and key influencing factors of rehabilitation patients within the urban medical group regarding their willingness to accept downward referrals. Continuously enhancing the proportion of patients willingness to accept downward referrals is essential for the effective implementation of bidirectional referral for rehabilitation patients.
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ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Yiqi Huoxue Tongbian prescription on slow transit constipation （STC） in rats. MethodThe rat model of STC was established by gavage of loperamide hydrochloride. Rats were assigned into control， model， mosapride， low-， medium-， and high-dose （3.51， 7.02， and 14.04 g·kg-1， respectively） Yiqi Huoxue Tongbian prescription groups. The changes of general signs， fecal moisture content， and intestinal propulsion rate were measured after model establishment and drug administration. The colonic mucosal changes were observed by hematoxylin eosin staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to determine the content of substance P （SP） and vasoactive intestinal peptide （VIP） in the colon of rats in each group. The gray values of aquaporin （AQP） 3， AQP4， AQP8， and c-Kit in rat colon tissue were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot， and the changes of intestinal flora were detected by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. ResultCompared with the model group， 10 days of treatment with Yiqi Huoxue Tongbian prescription increased the fecal moisture content and intestinal propulsion rate （P<0.01）. The medium- and high-dose Yiqi Huoxue Tongbian prescription groups and the mosapride group showed no obvious mucosal inflammation and neat arrangement of goblet cells with a large number in the colon tissue. Moreover， the three groups showed increased SP content （P<0.01） and decreased VIP content （P<0.01） in the serum. The medium- and high-dose Yiqi Huoxue Tongbian prescription groups showed down-regulated protein levels of AQP3， AQP4， and AQP8 （P<0.01） and up-regulated protein level of c-Kit （P<0.01）. The drug administration groups presented slightly increased observed species， Chao1， ACE， and Shannon， Simpson， and PD whole tree. The principal component analysis showed that the control group had a short distance with the high- and medium-dose Yiqi Huoxue Tongbian prescription groups， indicating that high- and medium-dose Yiqi Huoxue Tongbian prescription can recover the intestinal flora to that in the control group. ConclusionYiqi Huoxue Tongbian prescription can alleviate the defecation status of rats with slow transit constipation by down-regulating the expression of AQP3， AQP4， and AQP8 to reduce the absorption of water in the intestine， up-regulating the expression of c-Kit to increase the number and distribution of Cajal interstitial cells， and regulating the balance of flora in the colon tissue.
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@#Objective To analyze the effects of systematic lymph node dissection (SLND) and lobe-specific lymph node dissection (L-SND) on perioperative and long-term outcomes of patients with clinicalⅠA (cⅠA) stage lung adenocarcinoma. Methods A retrospective analysis was done on the patients with cⅠA stage lung adenocarcinoma who received thoracoscopic radical resection admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2013 to August 2016. Propensity score matching was conducted to eliminate the biases. The recurrence-free survival was compared between the two groups after matching. Perioperative parameters and postoperative complications were also analyzed. Results A total of 725 patients were enrolled, including 252 males and 473 females, with a median age of 62.0 (31.0-69.0) years. There were 228 patients in the L-SND group and 497 patients in the SLND group. After matching, there were 211 patients in each group and no statistical difference in the incidence of postoperative complications (10.9% vs. 13.7%, P=0.374), identification of metastatic positive lymph nodes (12.3% vs. 9.0%, P=0.270), or recurrence-free survival (P=0.492) were found between two groups, whereas the operation time (163.9±39.4 min vs. 135.4±32.4 min, P<0.001), intraoperative blood loss [100.0 (20.0-800.0) mL vs. 100.0 (10.0-400.0) mL, P<0.001], intubation time [4.0 (1.0-18.0) d vs. 4.0 (1.0-9.0) d, P<0.001] and hospital stay (12.3±3.3 d vs. 10.8±2.4 d, P=0.003) in the SLND group were found to be significantly higher or longer than those in the L-SND group. Conclusion L-SND has a similar efficiency to SLND in terms of postoperative complications, pathological lymph node metastasis, and recurrence-free survival, as well as significant advantages in reducing intraoperative blood loss, and shortening operation time, intubation time and length of hospital stay. Therefore, L-SND can be recommended to replace SLND as a method for lymph node resection in patients with cⅠA stage lung adenocarcinoma.
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Objective:To explore the role of navigation-assisted valgus stress method in avoiding excessive correction of lower limb mechanical axis after high tibial osteotomy (HTO).Methods:A retrospective study was carried out on osteoarthritis (OA) patients who were treated with HTO for medial compartment pain of knee from January 2020 to March 2022 in the Department of Joint Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University. According to the different ways of confirming alignment during operation, they were divided into computer navigation assisted valgus stress HTO group (referred to as navigation group) and traditional rod fluoroscopy HTO group (referred to as traditional group). There were 28 patients in the navigation group, 10 males and 18 females, with age of 54.4±9.1 years (range, 41-73 years) and body mass index of 26.1±3.3 kg/m 2 (range, 19.8-35.2 kg/m 2); There were 30 patients in the traditional group, 13 males and 17 females, aged 56.9±8.5 years (range, 40-70 years), with a body mass index of 25.7±4.0 kg/m 2 (range, 19.2-32.9 kg/m 2). Measuring the mechanical femoral tibial angle (mFTA), joint line convergence angle (JLCA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), Lysholm score and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score before operation and at the last follow-up of the two groups, and conduct statistical analysis. Results:Both groups were followed up. The follow-up time of navigation group and traditional group was 21.3±8.7 months and 22.5±7.6 months, respectively, with no significant difference ( t=0.53, P=0.596). There were significant differences between the two groups in the amount of mechanical axis correction (ΔmFTA) and the amount of bone correction (ΔMPTA) ( t=2.09, P=0.041; t=2.58, P=0.012), while there was no significant difference in ΔJLCA ( t=0.32, P=0.753). In the navigation group, there were 9 cases (32%) of undercorrection, 17 cases (61%) with acceptable alignment, and 2 cases (7%) with over correction, while in the traditional group, there were 5 cases (17%) with under correction, 13 cases (43%) with acceptable alignment, and 12 cases (40%) with over correction. There was significant difference in the distribution rate of alignment between the two groups ( P=0.012), and the rate of overcorrection in the navigation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (7% vs. 40%, P=0.005). The intra group correlation coefficient between the navigation correction mechanical axis and ΔmFTA was 0.787. There was no significant difference in Lysholm score and HSS score between the two groups before and after surgery (all P>0.05), and they were significantly improved after operation (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Navigation-assisted valgus stress method HTO is reliable, which can accurately achieve the target alignment, reduce the incidence of over correction, and obtain good clinical results.
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OBJECTIVE AMPK activator,act as exer-cise mimetics,effective in preventing or ameliorating met-abolic diseases,including obesity and diabetes.Systemic activating of AMPK represents an important therapeutic strategy to treat metabolic diseases.However,whether far-infrared(FIR)hyperthermia therapy could be used as exercise mimetic to realize wide-ranging metabolic regu-lation,and its underling mechanisms remain unclear.METHODS The mice were subjected to hyperthermia in the FIR chamber(30±1)℃for 14 d.Exercise endurance was determined using a treadmill.Blood flow were mea-sured by the laser speckle contrast imaging.Combina-tion of microbiomic and metabolomic analysis,diversity of microbiota and metabolic profiling in muscle were detected.The microbiota disorder model via treatment with different cocktails of antibiotics(ABX).RESULTS The material characterization shows that the graphene synthesized by chemical vapour deposition(CVD)is dif-ferent from carbon fi ber,with single-layer structure and high electrothermal transform efficiency.The emission spectra generated by graphene-FIR device would maxi-mize matching those adsorbed by tissues(≈8.0 μm).Gra-phene-FIR improves core and epidermal temperature,and increases blood flow in femoral muscle and abdo-men.The diversity of gut microbiota was increased by graphene-FIR exposure.Graphene-FIR reduced the bac-teroidetes/firmicutes(B/F)ratio and increased the abun-dance of short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)-producing bac-teria,including Allobaculum,Blautia and Anaerostipes.Additionally,graphene-FIR stimulated the expression of SCFAs-sensing receptor(GPR 43),p-AMPK Thr172 and GLUT4,and increased the AMP/ATP ratio,thus enhanc-ing muscle glucose uptake.Metabolomic analyses revealed the significant changes in 25 metabolites,with twenty increased(eg.creatinine and phosphate)and five decreased(eg.lactic acid),and the marked impact of five metabolic pathways,including galactose metabo-lism,glycolysis,gluconeogenesis,fatty acid biosynthesis,butanoate metabolism,pyruvate metabolism.Further-more,a microbiota disorder model also demonstrates that the graphene-FIR effectively restore the exercise endurance with enhanced p-AMPK and GLUT4.CON-CLUSION Our results provide convincing evidence that graphene-based FIR therapy promoted exercise capacity and glucose metabolism via AMPK in gut-muscle axis.These novel insights into graphene-FIR therapy suggest a potential as an exercise mimetic for the treatment of metabolic disease in clinical.
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Type I interferon (IFN) is considered as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Proper activation or inhibition of type I IFN signaling is essential for host defense against pathogen invasion, tumor cell proliferation, and overactive immune responses. Due to intricate and diverse chemical structures, natural products and their derivatives have become an invaluable source inspiring innovative drug discovery. In addition, some natural products have been applied in clinical practice for infection, cancer, and autoimmunity over thousands of years and their promising curative effects and safety have been well-accepted. However, whether these natural products are primarily targeting type I IFN signaling and specific molecular targets involved are not fully elucidated. In the current review, we thoroughly summarize recent advances in the pharmacology researches of natural products for their type I IFN activity, including both agonism/activation and antagonism/inhibition, and their potential application as therapies. Furthermore, the source and chemical nature of natural products with type I IFN activity are highlighted and their specific molecular targets in the type I IFN pathway and mode of action are classified. In conclusion, natural products possessing type I IFN activity represent promising therapeutic strategies and have a bright prospect in the treatment of infection, cancer, and autoimmune diseases.
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Biological Products/therapeutic use , Immunity, Innate , Signal Transduction , Interferon Type I/metabolismABSTRACT
Objective:To establish the long-term trajectories of lung function in children with bronchial asthma (asthma) and explore the risk factors of persistent pulmonary dysfunction.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted.Children with asthma aged above 14 years who had been followed up regularly and completed pulmonary function testing in Children′s Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics were enrolled in the study from January to December 2019.Their lung function data and clinical information were collected.The latent class growth model (LCGM) was used to fit the change of lung function in children with asthma, and different trajectory groups were established.Comparison between groups was performed by t-test, ANOVA or Chi- square test.The risk factors for the lung function trajectory were analyzed by the multivariate Logistic regression method. Results:A total of 173 children with asthma, aged from 6 to 17, were enrolled, and 1 160 lung function tests were completed.Four forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity (FEV 1/FVC) latent class trajectory groups were established, including persistent high level [27 cases (15.6%)], above average level [66 cases (38.1%)], below average level [66 cases (38.1%)], and persistent low level [14 cases (8.1%)]. In all the 4 different trajectory groups, the FEV 1/FVC values were significantly different among patients of different ages (all P<0.05). The FEV 1/FVC values of patients at all ages in the persistent high level group were above 90%.The FEV 1/FVC values of patients in other 3 level groups decreased as a whole as the age increased.FEV 1/FVC of patients in the persistent low level group decreased to below 80% when they entered the school age period and approached 70% in adolescence.The trajectory and fluctuation of maximal midexpiratory flow (MMEF), which represents the small airway function, were similar to those of FEV 1/FVC.Risk factor analysis showed that the risk of lung function decreasing below the average level in children with typical asthma was 11.940 times higher than that in children with cough variant asthma ( P=0.008). The risk of lung function deteriorating to below the average level in children with multiple allergen sensitivities was 7.462 times higher than that in children with single allergen sensitivity ( P=0.015). Children taking drugs irregularly were 6.337 times more likely to suffer persistent low lung function than children taking drugs regularly ( P=0.035). Boys were 6.186 times more likely to suffer a lung function reduction to below the average level than girls ( P=0.002). Conclusions:Four long-term trajectories of lung function in asthmatic children aged 6 to 17 years can be established: persistent high level, above average level, below average level and persistent low level.The long-term lung function of nearly a half of the asthmatic children is below the average level.Many children develop persistent airflow limitation in adolescence, and few at school age.Typical asthma, multiple allergen sensitivities, irregular medication and boy were the risk factors of long-term lung function reduction.
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Objective:To explore the value of karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) in the prenatal diagnosis of balanced translocation/inversion carriers.Methods:This was a retrospective study involving 117 balanced translocation/inversion carrier couples. Among them, 90 women had a history of spontaneous abortion(≥2 times), stillbirth, fetal multiple malformations, or giving birth to children with chromosome abnormality disease and the peripheral blood karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization testing confirmed that one partner was balanced translocation/inversion carrier. The present pregnancies of these cases were spontaneous and lasted until 18-25 weeks. The other 27 cases were confirmed by chromosome examination at the present pregnancy after the indication of fetal structural abnormalities by fetal karyotyping due to advanced maternal age and abnormal ultrasound and prenatal screening results. The results of karyotyping and CMA by amniocentesis during 18 to 25 gestational weeks were all summarized and described. Results:The successful rate of both methods was 100.0% (117/117). Unbalanced and balanced translocation/inversion were detected in seven (6.0%) and 39 (33.3%) fetuses by karyotyping, respectively. CMA revealed 14 fetuses with pathogenic copy number variation (CNV) and one with variants of uncertain significance(VUS), with an anomaly detection rate of 12.8% (15/117). Among the 15 cases with CNV, 13 were related to the parental translocation/inversion, one with de novo mutation (22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome), and one Duchenne muscular dystrophy mutation carrier. Based on the results of karyotype and CMA, there were 12 fetuses with unbalanced chromosomal fragments (10.3%), 37 fetuses with balanced translocation/inversion (31.6%), and 68 fetuses with normal chromosomes (58.1%). Conclusions:The combination of karyotyping and CMA can provide more accurate prenatal genetic diagnosis when one of a couple carries balanced chromosomal translocations/inversion.
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ObjectiveThe tolerance of C57BL/6 mice to artemisinin-sensitive and -resistant strains of Plasmodium berghei （Pb） K173 and the differences in blood parameters， spleen coefficient and spleen structure during infection were compared to explore whether the artemisinin resistance of Pb would aggravate malaria infection. MethodPbK173 artemisinin-sensitive and -resistant strains were tested in parallel. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 1 control group， 4 artemisinin-sensitive strain groups and 4 artemisinin-resistant strain groups by body weight. Each infection group was simultaneously inoculated （ip） with 1×107 infected red blood cells （iRBCs） of sensitive/resistant strain. For the mice in the survival test group， the body weight was recorded every day post infection， and the tail vein blood smear was collected to calculate the Pb infection rate. In the other infection groups， peripheral blood and spleen were collected on 2， 5 and 9 d after infection. Peripheral blood parameters， spleen coefficient， pathological section of spleen and spleen cells were detected in each group. ResultOn 1-3 d after infection， the infection rate of the resistant strain （0.4±0.0， 0.8±0.1， 1.9±0.4）% was always higher than that of the sensitive strain （0.2±0.1， 0.4±0.1， 1.1±0.3）% （P<0.01）. From the 4th d of infection， the infection rate of the two groups gradually approached. The survival period of the sensitive strain group （20.5±1.2） d was shorter than that of the resistant strain group （23.3±1.4） d （P<0.01）. On the 9th d， the white blood cell count of the sensitive strain group （16.2±1.1）×109 cells/L was higher than that of the resistant strain group （10.6±1.8）×109 cells/L （P<0.01）. Flow cytometry analysis of spleen cells showed that the sensitive strain group （3.6±0.4） demonstrated a higher CD4+/CD8+ value than the resistant strain group （2.3±0.2） on the 9th d （P<0.01）. The spleen of C57BL/6 infected mice was gradually enlarged during infection， and on the 9th d， the resistant strain group （3.1±0.1）% showed a higher spleen coefficient than the sensitive strain group （2.7±0.2）% （P<0.01）. In the early stage of C57BL/6 infected mice， the red pulp of spleen was hyperemic and swollen. On the 9th d， the marginal area of the spleen disappeared and the structure of the red and white pulp was destroyed. ConclusionWithout drug treatment， the protective immune responses of peripheral blood and spleen of C57BL/6 mice were more sensitive to PbK173 artemisinin-sensitive strain. The artemisinin-resistant strain of PbK173 bred with mouse-to-mouse blood transmission and increased artemisinin dose exhibited shortened growth period and reduced toxicity.
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Intestinal flora is closely associated with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Recent studies have shown that the imbalance of intestinal flora is associated with the development, progression, and prognosis of CHB, and the environment of intestinal flora may also change with disease progression, suggesting that intestinal flora and CHB interact with each other. This article reviews the influence of intestinal flora on the progression of CHB and related liver diseases and the role of intestinal flora regulation in the diagnosis and treatment of CHB and related liver diseases, in order to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of CHB.
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The treatment of refractory Glaucoma is a difficult problem in clinical ophthalmology. For refractory glaucoma patients with hyphema, shallow anterior chamber, anterior conglutination of peripheral chamber angle, corneal endothelium dystrophy or decompensated, at present, there is no effective treatment. In order to solve this problem, a new type posterior integral glaucoma valve with IOP control device was designed using medical titanium alloy, and the valve model was established by Abaqus software, and the stiffness and preload of the valve were analyzed by finite element method. The results showed that the opening and closing of the valve were controlled automatically by the pressure difference between the front and back of the valve, and the opening and flow rate of the valve increase dynamically with the increase of intraocular pressure, and finally reached the set ideal IOP value of steady state.
Subject(s)
Humans , Finite Element Analysis , Follow-Up Studies , Glaucoma , Glaucoma Drainage Implants , Intraocular Pressure , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the three-dimensional forces created by clear aligners on mandibular teeth during differential activation with en-masse retraction and/or intrusion in vitro. @*Methods@#Six sets of clear aligners were designed for differential en-masse retraction and/or intrusion procedures in a first premolar extraction model. Group A0 was a control group with no activation. Groups A1–5 underwent different degrees of retractions and/or intrusions. Each group consisted of 10 aligners. Aligner forces were measured on a multi-axis force/ torque transducer measurement system in real-time. @*Results@#In the en-masse retraction groups (A1 and A2), lingual and extrusive forces were observed on the incisors; the canines mainly received distal forces; intrusive forces were seen on the second premolars; and the molars received mesial forces. In the enmasse retraction and intrusion groups (A3, A4, and A5), incisors also received lingual and extrusive forces; canines received distal and intrusive forces; mesial and extrusive forces were seen on the second premolars; and the second molars received distal and intrusive forces. The vertical forces on the incisors did not differ significantly among groups A1, A3, and A5. However, the vertical forces on the second premolars reversed from intrusion in group A1 to extrusion in groups A3 and A5. @*Conclusions@#With clear aligners, the “bowing effect” is seen during en-masse anterior teeth retraction and can be partially relieved by performing en-masse retraction accompanied by anterior teeth intrusion.Vertical control of incisors remained unsolved during en-masse retraction, even when intrusive activation was added to the anterior teeth.
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A 61-year-old male patient was simultaneously diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). The lung adenocarcinoma and IMT harbored two distinct types of ALK translocation, LOC101927285-ALK, and TPM3-ALK, respectively. The ALK Ventana showed strong positivity on both lesions. The patient was therefore given an endobronchial cryotherapy and ALK inhibitor crizotinib. The tumors showed durable response however the left lung adenocarcinoma relapsed at 17th month post-crizotinib treatment. Tissue re-biopsy on the resistant tumor revealed an ALK exon 23 C1156Y missense mutation in addition to LOC101927285-ALK mutation. Further RNA-based sequence uncovered that the noncoding region rearrangement is the fusion mutation of EML4-ALK. The patient was therefore received alectinib, and the tumor exhibited partly response. Overall, it is very rare that two types of pulmonary tumors exist in one patient driven by two distinct ALK fusions, which emphasizes the necessity of gene sequencing in clinical decision-making and individualized therapy.
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Objective@#To investigate the three-dimensional forces created by clear aligners on mandibular teeth during differential activation with en-masse retraction and/or intrusion in vitro. @*Methods@#Six sets of clear aligners were designed for differential en-masse retraction and/or intrusion procedures in a first premolar extraction model. Group A0 was a control group with no activation. Groups A1–5 underwent different degrees of retractions and/or intrusions. Each group consisted of 10 aligners. Aligner forces were measured on a multi-axis force/ torque transducer measurement system in real-time. @*Results@#In the en-masse retraction groups (A1 and A2), lingual and extrusive forces were observed on the incisors; the canines mainly received distal forces; intrusive forces were seen on the second premolars; and the molars received mesial forces. In the enmasse retraction and intrusion groups (A3, A4, and A5), incisors also received lingual and extrusive forces; canines received distal and intrusive forces; mesial and extrusive forces were seen on the second premolars; and the second molars received distal and intrusive forces. The vertical forces on the incisors did not differ significantly among groups A1, A3, and A5. However, the vertical forces on the second premolars reversed from intrusion in group A1 to extrusion in groups A3 and A5. @*Conclusions@#With clear aligners, the “bowing effect” is seen during en-masse anterior teeth retraction and can be partially relieved by performing en-masse retraction accompanied by anterior teeth intrusion.Vertical control of incisors remained unsolved during en-masse retraction, even when intrusive activation was added to the anterior teeth.
ABSTRACT
As a unicellular organism, Plasmodium displays a panoply of lipid metabolism pathways that are seldom found together in a unicellular organism. These pathways mostly involve the Plasmodium-encoded enzymatic machinery and meet the requirements of membrane synthesis during the rapid cell growth and division throughout the life cycle. Different lipids have varied synthesis and meta-bolism pathways. For example, the major phospholipids are synthesized via CDP-diacylglycerol-dependent pathway in prokaryotes and de novo pathway in eukaryotes, and fatty acids are synthesized mainly via type Ⅱ fatty acid synthesis pathway. The available studies have demonstrated the impacts of artemisinin and its derivatives, the front-line compounds against malaria, on the lipid metabolism of Plasmodium. Therefore, this article reviewed the known lipid metabolism pathways and the effects of artemisinin and its derivatives on these pathways, aiming to deepen the understanding of lipid synthesis and metabolism in Plasmodium and provide a theoretical basis for the research on the mechanisms and drug resistance of artemisinin and other anti-malarial drugs.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antimalarials/pharmacology , Artemisinins/therapeutic use , Lipid Metabolism , Malaria/drug therapy , PlasmodiumABSTRACT
One 51 years old man was admitted to the rheumatology department with a history of prominent eyes, headache and blurred vision for half year. The main manifestations included retrobulbar inflammatory pseudotumor and retroperitoneal fibrosis. He was initially diagnosed as granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Prednisone and cyclophosphamide were administrated and effective. New mass of dura mater and osteosclerosis presented during follow up. Finally Erdheim Chester disease(ECD) was diagnosed by biopsy and pathological examination. Vemurafenib, a v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogenes homolog B1 (BRAF) inhibitor, 480 mg was given twice a day. The patient′s condition is stable and still in follow-up. Although ECD is a rare histiocytosis, clinicians should pay attention to its manifestations and differential diagnoses.
ABSTRACT
Multi-template molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction not only has the advantages of high selectivity, large adsorption capacity, easy preparation, reuse and low environmental pollution, but also can realize the enrichment and separation of many kinds of compounds. It has attracted wide attention in the extraction and separation of traditional Chinese medicine components. This study summarizes the latest development of multi-template molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction. At the same time, based on the classification of active components of traditional Chinese medicine (flavonoids, alkaloids, phenylpropanol, terpenes, etc.), the latest application of multi-template molecular imprinting solid phase extraction in multi-component separation of traditional Chinese medicine was reviewed, with a view to better application of multi-template molecularly imprinted polymer in active multi-component extraction and separation of traditional Chinese medicine and provide reference for the material basic research of the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine.